Ripple refers to the residual periodic variation superimposed on a DC output voltage.
This fluctuation generally originates from two sources: the rectified AC input frequency (line ripple) and the power supply's internal switching frequency. The magnitude and characteristics of the ripple are influenced by factors such as input smoothing capacitance, circuit response speed, switching frequency, and output filter design.
Note on Definitions: While definitions vary, standards such as JEITA strictly define "ripple" as low-frequency components (synchronous with the 50/60 Hz AC input), classifying higher-frequency components from switching operations as "noise." However, in the context of modern switching power supplies, periodic variations at the switching frequency are often colloquially included in the term "ripple."
Since some level of ripple and noise is inevitable in power conversion, selecting a power supply with low ripple specifications is essential for precision applications requiring high stability.
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